Indian Art in the Mughal Era Free Essays

The Musicals acquainted numerous new things with Indian culture, one being momentous burial chamber engineering, for example, the world-celebrated Tag-Mall. Hindus and Buddhist consistently incinerated their dead so entombment was another custom all together. Alongside this came the composed expression of sacrosanct original copy text In the type of enhancing calligraphy. We will compose a custom article test on Indian Art in the Mughal Era or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Excellent Arabic sections from the Quern are Inscribed all through the Tag-Mall. An exceptionally fascinating route with regards to which Hinduism and Islam were accommodated in McHugh India was through strict workmanship, especially as the great Indian epic, ‘The Ramadan’. The Ramadan’ recounts to the tale of the extraordinary sovereign/god, Ram, who is really and manifestation of Vishnu, and his journey to spare his delightful spouse, Sits, from the frightening evil spirit lord, Raven. During this time, The Ramadan’ was portrayed by both the Hindu Ragouts and the Islamic Musicals, which shows the flexibility of The Ramadan’, of which there were in reality a wide range of forms. The Musicals delivered a form of ‘The Ramadan’ in 1600 and the Ragouts created theirs in 1720. The McHugh King, Kafka, had a Persian interpretation of The Ramadan’ made which is known as ‘The Freer Ramadan’. The Ragout style of craftsmanship delineating ‘The Ramadan’ was to a greater extent a conventional Indian style and utilized huge regions of sold, splendid hues with progressively straightforward and less sensible looking figures and articles. The McHugh style used to delineate The Ramadan’ was clearly vigorously impacted by customary Islamic craftsmanship and was gentler and progressively naturalistic. After some time more forms of ‘The Ramadan’ became, albeit, starting in the sass’s the McHugh Empire is declining and no longer qualities Hindu writings like The Ramadan’ as it had previously. All things considered, the ‘Siege of Lankan’ arrangement of The Ramadan’ was dispatched by the Ragout ruler, Dally Sings, In 1725. I locate this Interesting on the grounds that Hinduism and Islam are two religions and conviction frameworks that are so in a general sense not the same as one another, but then they are accommodated here In the type of craftsmanship. It is fascinating and fairly astounding that the Islamic rulers would be so tolerating of Hindu messages and culture. ‘Tale of two Remnants Indian craftsmanship in the McHugh Era with this came the composed expression of holy composition text as enriching calligraphy. Lovely Arabic entries from the Curran are engraved all through the unnerving evil spirit ruler, Raven. During this time, ‘The Ramadan’ was delineated The Ramadan’, of which there were in truth a wide range of forms. The Musicals 1720. The McHugh King, Kafka, had a Persian interpretation of ‘The Ramadan’ made looking figures and articles. The McHugh style used to portray ‘The Ramadan’ was writings like ‘The Ramadan’ as it had previously. In any case, the ‘Siege of Lankan’ arrangement of ‘The Ramadan’ was dispatched by the Ragout ruler, Dalai Sings, in 1725. I locate this fascinating in light of the fact that Hinduism and Islam are two religions and conviction frameworks that are so generally not quite the same as one another, but then they are accommodated here in the Instructions to refer to Indian Art in the Mughal Era, Papers

Calcium In A Plant Based Diet Essay Example For Students

Calcium In A Plant Based Diet Essay Numerous individuals decide to keep away from milk and other dairy items since they contain fat, cholesterol, allergenic proteins, lactose, and oftentimes hints of tainting. Milk is additionally connected to adolescent onsetdiabetes, and different genuine conditions. Cheerfully, there are a lot of other, more secure and increasingly solid wellsprings of calcium. Keeping your bones solid relies more upon keeping the loss of calcium from your body than on boosting your calcium consumption. A few societies devour no dairy items and regularly ingest just 175 to 475 milligrams of calcium for each day. In any case, these individuals for the most part have low paces of osteoporosis. Numerous researchers accept that activity and different variables have more to do with osteoporosis than calcium admission does. Calcium in the Body. Practically all the calcium in the body is during the bones. There is a small sum in the circulatory system which is liable for significant capacities, for example, muscle withdrawals, support of the heartbeat, and transmission of nerve motivations. We continually lose calcium from our circulation system through perspiration and different discharges. It is recharged with calcium from the bones. In this procedure, bones constantly lose calcium. This bone calcium must be supplanted from food. Calcium needs change all through life. Up to the age of 30 or somewhere in the vicinity, we devour more calcium than we lose. Satisfactory calcium admission during youth and puberty is particularly significant. Afterward, the body starts to slip into negative calcium balance and the bones begin to lose more calcium than they take up. The loss of an excess of calcium can prompt delicate bones or osteoporosis. How quickly calcium is lost depends, to a limited extent, on the sort and measure of protein you eat just as other eating routine and way of life decisions. Lessening Calcium Loss. Various elements influence calcium misfortune from the body:Diets that are high in protein cause more calcium to be lost through the pee. Protein from creature items is considerably more liable to cause calcium misfortune than protein from plant nourishments. This might be one explanation that vegans will in general have more grounded bones than meat eaters. Caffeine builds the rate at which calcium is lose through pee. Liquor restrains calcium assimilation. The mineral boron may slow the loss of calcium from bones. Exercise eases back bone misfortune and is one of the most significant factors in keeping up bone wellbeing. Wellsprings of Calcium:Exercise and an eating regimen moderate in protein will assist with ensuring your bones. Individuals who eat plant-based weight control plans and who lead a functioning way of life likely have lower calcium needs. In any case, calcium is a basic supplement for everybody. It is critical to eat calcium-rich nourishments consistently. The accompanying graph will disclose to you the calcium substance of numerous nourishments. Vegetables Calcium (mg)Chickpeas, 1 cup, canned..78Great Northern beans, 1 cup boiled121Green beans, 1 cup boiled..58Green peas, 1 cup boiled.44Kidney beans, 1 cup boiled..50Lentils, 1 cup boiled37Lima beans, 1 cup boiled.52Navy beans, 1 cup boiled.128Pinto beans, 1 cup boiled82Soybeans, 1 cup boiled.175Tofu, crude, firm 1/2 cup.258Vegetarian heated beans, 1 cup.128Wax beans, 1 cup canned.. 174White beans, 1 cup boiled..161If utilizing Calcium Fortified items, check the wellspring of the calcium. Social insurance and Beauty Essays

Studying Abroad

Studying Abroad Exactly one year ago, I was getting ready to leave the country for the first time ever and spend the fall semester as an exchange student in England. So, in honor of this study-abroad-iversary, I’d like to give a brief but well-deserved shout-out to Norwich and the good friends I made there at the University of East Anglia. When people ask me about my time abroad, I usually tell them this: I studied English and American Literature for a semester in Norwich, England,  at the University of East Anglia  (UEA), and then I spent about three weeks backpacking through Western Europe. It totaled at about  four months living abroad. It was awesome, and Im so, so grateful. Its also an opportunity not  everyone can have  (for financial reasons or because of their course of study), but its worth it if you can figure out a way how. There are study abroad opportunities ranging from one week to a whole year and a decent amount of  available scholarships and aid. Norwich has more medieval churches than any city in Western Europe north of the Alps. Thats one of them behind me! I loved studying abroad for a lot of reasons. One of them was the actual studying. The academic experience was very graduate student-esque. My classes were almost all seminar style with a lot of independent study and longer in duration (2-3 hours) but only met once or twice a week. Ultimately, school during most of the semester could be as intense or as lackadaisical as I wanted because my grades were based solely  on a final paper or a final paper and a midterm. I ended up getting a little more lackadaisical than Id hoped and jammed a LOT of reading into the final few weeks of school, which I do regret and would not recommend. If you ever want to feel like that kid in The Sixth Sense (i.e., “I see dead people” ?), drink four cups of Earl Grey at 3 a.m. and then write a critical analysis of Middle English texts. Or maybe dont because youre a wiser, less procrastinating student than I. Still, I loved sitting in class with just five or six other students and really getting into a text. It was fun and mind-broadening to experience the opinions of people who grew up across the world and hadnt taken the exact same sequence of English courses right alongside me. We were very different people, and different was great in a debate about poetry or Gothic fiction. Plus, reading a medieval text in the actual medieval city where it was written? Then getting to touch the actual original manuscript on a class field trip? Surreal, to say the last, and maybe education at its very coolest. I also loved the people I met. My friends and I in front of Norwich Cathedral! Half the learning you do abroad isnt even in the classroom, and half of the learning I did was with these people. Let me tell you, nervousness at being alone in a new country and at a new school will make you eager to make friends. But in my case, these werent just bum friends to keep the loneliness away. These were the real deal. We laughed together. We proofread each others papers. We traveled on weekends and after the semester ended. And we had genuine, through-the-Scottish-countryside, under-the-English-Channel, OH-NO-WERE-GONNA-MISS-OUR-FLIGHT adventures. We even wore matching Christmas jumpers. Real friends wear reindeer. Another thing Ive heard about study abroad (even from my mom, who studied abroad while she was an Illinois student) is that studying abroad teaches you how to impress yourself. You dont think you can navigate in a country where you dont know the language, or figure out how to hail a cab, or make it to the train in time, but you do. And you do it over and over again until youre a braver, better, more resourceful person. And I think we all became braver and better together. To this day, we maintain a Facebook group chat and swap adventures from our normal lives back home, but we have plans to meet up again soon. Love to Norwich, love to my friends, and love to you when you brave it across the pond or wherever your wanderlust takes you! Want to know more about study abroad? Click here! Maggie Class of 2017 After starting my time at Illinois Undeclared in the Division of General Studies, I’m majoring in English and Economics with a minor in Informatics from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’m from the relatively small town of Manhattan, Illinois.

Working for an Education - 740 Words

The United States is a country where just about every one has chance to attend college. Unfirtantly not every one of those individuals has the oppurtinity to finish college. In Dave Leonhardts article â€Å"The College Dropout Boom†- he claims that there is a wideing gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor when it comes to education. Dave Leonhardt discusses the factors that goes into the notion that there is a wideing gap between children from poor parents and children of wealthy parents. Despite the fact that the American system of higher learning has become a great equalizer, their are still groups of people who struggle to ear a college degree. Most notably those in the middle and low income class. Being a student that comes from a middle class family who is neither poor nor wealthy, I have experienced both sides of the spectrum that Dave Leonhardts article discuses. That has left me on the verge of dropping out of college or too continue my college education. A leading reason on why middle and low income students tend to drop out of college before getting their college degree is that they could be unknowingly be following the example of their own parents who may not have gotten a degree of their own as young adults. In many instances the parents of middle and low income students did not have the opportunity to attend college ,or had too drop out of school because of the demands of a growing family. Sometimes life gets in the way andShow MoreRelatedIs The American Education System Working?936 Words   |  4 PagesIs The American Education system working? Student loan debt is responsible for $1.2 Trillion of the US s national debt. Over the past several years, the youth of this country’s futures have been based off of social status and test scores. A student from the suburbs of a wealthy community is more likely to go on to a prosperous four year college than a colored male or female from the inner city. These are facts that should not be overlooked; by any means. This subject is not black and white or richRead MoreWorking As A Special Education Teacher901 Words   |  4 Pages Walking Into another Position I was transitioned into another position at another school. I was currently working as a Special Education teacher. I had a close working relationship with the parents and staff members until a situation caused me to lose my job. One of my mentors called an IEP meeting and signed my name on the legal binding document. The parent called me requiring about the meeting while I was on sick leave. I wasn’t aware a meeting had taken place. She asked me, why would I signedRead MoreInter Professional Working On Education1796 Words   |  8 PagesThe Inter-Professional Working module involved the study of multi-agency working in the Primary school in order to give all children with ASN, EAL and other difficulties that may prevent them from getting the best out of their learning experience the best education they can attain. Throughout this assignment there will be discussion involving what is meant by ‘inter-professional working in education’, how inter-professional worki ng in education can help to meet the aims of GIRFEC (Getting It RightRead MoreWorking Experience Is More Important Than Education1442 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Experience is More Important than Education Its been a question that society has debated for a long time. Does education or work experience provide the most benefits and therefore hold more importance for children and society as a whole? 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This year I started working for Inner City Education Foundation public charter schools, specifically ICEF Inglewood Elementary Academy. The school has approximately 40 staff members that were all placed together by the director of the school. There are multiple classifications at my job such as instructional assistants, teachers, officeRead MoreA Case Study Of 27 Working Class Students Across The Uk Higher Education Institutions Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesThis is a case study of 27 working class students across the UK higher education institutions looking at the different sociological understanding of student identification to determine their social and academic aspects ( Reay, D., Crozier, G. and Clayton, J. 2010). In 2010 the year which this paper was written statistics from the U.K Universities and College Admissions Services (UCAS) showed that the 24.72% of those accepted were from the four lowest socio-economic groups in 2005 and in the previousRead MoreGraduation Speech On The Field Of Education Without Being Prepared For Working Partnership With Parents3219 Words   |  13 Pageskid properly. Researches have reached to the conclusion that teachers enter in the field of education without being prepared for working in partnership with parents (Epstein, 2001; Hiatt Michael, 2001). Therefore, future teachers enroll in education with inappropriate background how to properly initiate a proper relationship with parents, thus build bridges for after school communication. Special education is a new field in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and people in general lack to the knowledge how

Comprehensive Plan to Improve Human Resources Essay

2010 6/21/2010 Whole Foods Market Comprehensive Plan to Improve the Quality of Selected Human Resource Management Practices Table of Contents Whole Foods Market: Introduction 4 Whole Foods Market: The Organization 4 Whole Foods Market: Challenges and Opportunities 5 Whole Foods Market: Human Resource Management Strategies 6 Whole Foods Market: Recommended Strategies for Improvement 8 Whole Foods Market: Plan Evaluation and Measurements 10 Whole Foods Market: Conclusion 10 References 11 (Retrieved from Whole Foods Market website at http://wholefoodsmarket.com/storesbeta/columbus/) Whole Foods Market: Introduction Whole Foods Market- a company that doesn’t think of itself as a company, but as a community†¦show more content†¦This year, 2010, the company’s business model includes continued focus on vital areas of the company by focusing in on purchasing with regards to the business while creating more worth for the consumer regarding pricing (Whole Foods Market, n.d). In the letter to the stakeholders (2009), Mackey, CEO desires to stay focused on dropping operating cost without harming the customer experience. Additionally, he states that as an organization they are committed to being better custodians of capital and producing free cash flow on a yearly basis. In the future, Mackey foresees new smaller stores that are less expensive, and an increase return on invested capital. A recent 2009 SWOT Analysis of the organization from Datamonitor (2009) listed some additional opportunities such as the recent strategic acquisitions that helped in strengthening their market position. These acquisitions also help the organization to expand its operations in the natural and organic foods markets as well as increase its client base and the number of product categories. One acquisition in particular is the merge with Wild Oats Market in 2007. Other opportunities recorded by Datamonitor (2009) include the growing demand for private label products. Recent economic conditions have warranted companies to offer less expensive private label products as an alternative to the customers’ needs. Whole Foods Market: Human Resource ManagementShow MoreRelatedDeveloping New Designs And Initiatives1629 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal marketplace, an organization that exceeds is one that continually strives to classify and focus on factors critical to its customers. In addition, improve its process to ensure safety with adequate staffing by providing the best care possible, â€Å"in order to survive, the organization must find ways to expand efficiency by decreasing their resource, administrative, and labor cost without forfeiting quality of care. According to the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), a leader in quality improvementRead MoreDevry Hsm 541 Final Exam 2015 Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Service Systems Week 8 – Final 1. (TCO A) You are the newly hired Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) for a mid-size hospital in a semiurban area of the country. Your first task is to develop the organization’s strategic plan that will shape the development of a comprehensive network of services for their community. The organization provides the usual array of inpatient services expected in a moderate-sized community hospital. A local nursing home and retirement community is for sale, and the organizationRead MoreHs 541 Final1066 Words   |  5 Pagespage 1 1. (TCO A). You are a healthcare consultant hired by the Midwest Healthcare System to assist them in developing their organizations strategic plan that will shape the development of a comprehensive network of services for their community. The organization provides the usual array of inpatient services expected in a moderate-sized community hospital. A local nursing home and retirement community is for sale, and the organization is considering the purchase of that agency. 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Four Little Girls Free Essays

Documentary Film Analysis Worksheet For History 221 and History 222 Professor Tondeur Instructions: †¢ You will find the list of films you can choose from in the Lesson section of the course. †¢ Go to the list and pick your film. You must view the entire film. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Little Girls or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you can’t access films because of deployment, geographic location, or other reasons, please let your instructor know so they can give you an alternate assignment. †¢ You must answer in complete sentences, using a short answer/paragraph format. Cut and paste your answers into the Student Submission box for Assignment #2 and submit it as a Word document. 1. What is the title of the film you picked? 2. Why did you pick this film over the others offered? 3. What is/are the central message(s) of this documentary/fictional film? Be specific. Use examples from the film to support your choice. 4. Consider the effectiveness of the film for this history class. What are its strengths and weaknesses of this film in documenting history? . How do you think the filmmakers want the audience to respond? Is there a social justice message? If so, what is it? 6. Did the documentary leave you with any unanswered questions? If so, what were they? 7. How did this film change any misconcepti ons or stereotypes you had about the subject matter? If so, what were they? 8. What is the most important thing you learned from watching the film? 9. Why is this film important to understanding contemporary African American History? How to cite Four Little Girls, Essay examples

Construction Management Economic Growth of Country

Question: Describe about the Construction Management for Economic Growth of Country. Answer: Literature Review: Construction management Construction industry is one of the largest sector in the world. It contributes immensely in the economic growth of the country. Construction industry assist in recruiting a large number of labour and creates employment opportunity. The projects yield immense return on investment and profitability. However the sector is not free from risk and challenges. Working at construction is not free from limitations. Materials and construction waste impact on environment well-being and accelerate pollution level. In this regard sustainability or adopting responsible measures in construction work has gained importance. Persson (2009), discussed that sustainability in construction is a vast as well as complex area which should be focussed for improving environment management and ensure well-being of people. Consumption of recourses in an ethical manner leaves a significant impact on environment. Sustainability in construction is an important step, it is considered for managing the waste produced on demolition activity, emissions from vehicles, machineries, noise pollution at the construction site that is produced by heavy vehicles and construction machineries and releases of wastes and pollutants into water, ground and atmosphere (Alsaadi and Acar, 2016). Sustainable approaches in construction project Construction industry is challenging than any other industry according to Delnavaz (2012), every project is unique and involve high risk in management of the project. Hence adopting sustainable or ethical approaches is of immense importance in building development work. Sustainability is strictly about improving the quality of human life while managing the waste and construction material in a planned manner. Since construction domain consume a large amount of material it is the responsibility of the company to ensure that the sustainability of the society is managed in a proper way. Green building development is an important step in the sustainable construction work. It has been studied that green building uses around 36% less energy in comparison to the conventional buildings and also cause low Co2 emission. Constructing green building as discussed by Heravi (2014), is a responsible step under sustainable measure in construction domain. Green building concepts could be hence applied to new projects and efficient buildings should be developed. The benefits of green building practices include a lower as well as efficient use of energy, water and other natural resources. These buildings further ensure improved health and safety standards for the residents, as well as this construction technology reduces environmental impact, through implementation of less waste-production and environment pollution. Risk and challenge management in construction domain: Sustainable building is often identified as those buildings that contribute in sustainable development. Success of a construction project largely depends on ways in which project is managed and risks are eliminated from the project work. Risk management is an important step in the construction project which help in elimination of challenges from the project work. Project requires control and risk identification approaches so that it is equipped to handle and manage issues in a systematic manner (Persson, 2009). Companies adopt key policies and procedure to manage risk in a defined manner. Under risk management the key focus is given on risk identification process. Risk identification and evaluation help in preparing the team for handling problems as and when required. There could be different types of problems that could impact on the construction work, while some disaster could be man-made others could be natural. Hence adopting risk management approaches help in identifying the iss ues at an early stage and controlling thus become easier (Euripides, 2008). It is evident from the empirical research work that there are various facets of a construction project and this should be addressed in a planned manner. The survey on construction management and importance of documentation and data management has evolved as an integral part of construction project. A successful project management is possible only after apt coordination of human and material resources within the project (Ylln, 2012). Disaster often lead to huge loss at the construction site. Natural and man-made disaster could be controlled by implementing disaster management approaches coupled with risk strategies. Reference 1: Rountos A. Euripides (2008), Troubled Projects in Constructions Due to Inadequate Risk Management The research work explores the reason behind the failure of construction projects due to inadequate risk management and also suggests effective ways of recovery. Lack of risk analysis has caused havoc at the building construction work sites. Some of the key problems that has studied here as a result of ignoring risk management are increased production cost, reduction of profit, damage brand image and even insolvency. This article has also established the fact that in the coming years implementation of risk management approach will help in ensuring ways in which the construction project will succeed. It has been underpinned during the course of the research that failure of implementing risk management strategies could lead to delay in project work, increase in overhead cost and market change. Reference 2: Yimam, A. (2011). PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Department of Civil Environmental Engineering. The journal studies ways in which project management has improved over the years in the construction industry of developing countries in the world. Within the course of exploring the maturity of PM the researcher has identified two main gaps that exist within the maturity model and then addresses ways of overcoming such gaps to improve building construction activity. It has been realised that the management of construction project demands special expertise and knowledge as it is different from general projects. After presenting an overview of construction project work in the economically emerging countries the analyst has culminated the discussion in an interesting manner. Reference 3 Heravi, A. (2014). Improving Construction Management: An Investigation Into The Influences Of Effective Stakeholder Involvement On Project Quality Outcomes. Improving Construction Management: An Investigation into the Influences of Effective Stakeholder Involvement on Project Quality Outcomes. The research work argues that several since quality is an integral aspect of business management, construction firms have adopted quality evaluation and improvement methods over the past few years. Engineers have specifically focussed on implementing quality management in construction projects. While the large firms successfully implemented the improvement management system, the general companies faced challenges while incorporating quality management system. The research further shed a light on role of stakeholder and stakeholder influence on construction project management work. Thus the study has addressed several key issues like the present level of stakeholder involvement in the planning process of the project ad also explored how far the stakeholder involvement assisted in managing and improving quality issue of the construction project. Reference 4: Ylln, M. (2012). Agile project management in the construction industry - An inquiry of the opportunities in construction projects. Real Estate and Construction Management. The respective research project underpinned ways in which the project management approaches within the construction industry have changed significantly in the past few years. The researcher has introduced a new dimension in the study by referring to technological innovation and involvement in the construction industry. It is here it has been discussed that agile project management evolved from the software industry and the approach assists in managing large complex projects where products are difficult to estimate at the nascent stage. The researcher has largely emphasised on underpinning positive effect of implementing agile approaches in the construction projects. Reference 5: Sapuay, S. (2016). Construction Waste Potentials and Constraints. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.714-722. The journal discussed that construction industry generates waste and unusual materials that pollute the environment. Contractors should be held responsible for maintaining a sanitary work environment and also focus on adopting aft measure for waste disposal. Adoption of apt approaches would help in incorporating approaches to reuse and recycle the waste to use in the development project. Hence waste management is an important area which should be specifically managed by the construction team so that the discarded materials does not pollute the environment and impact on the nature in a negative way. Reference 6: Alsaadi, O. and Acar, E. (2016). Using Construction Project Management Knowhow for Disaster Recovery Projects - A Synthesis of Literature. This journal explores the issue from a unique perspective, here the researcher has investigated on an unexpected problem which may suddenly impact and cause havoc. Natural or man-made disasters have the potential of causing loss of lives, damage and property loss. Builders often suffer from havoc loss if remained unprepared and unplanned. Hence the investigation on disaster management issues in connection to the construction industry here specifically conveys various ways in which the natural calamity could impact on project and management and highlights how the team should manage such disasters. Reference 7: Kozlovska, M., Mackova, D. and Spisakova, M. (2016). Survey of Construction Management Documentation Usage in Planning and Construction of Building Project. Procedia Engineering, 161, pp.711-715. The respective journal emphasises on the issue that combination of both human and material resources leads to project success. Construction process is complicated and hence every project needs to be handled carefully so that it is executed in a significant manner. It further emphasises on importance of planning and management in the construction process and discussed that documentation is an integral aspect of construction work as apt data management help in smooth work execution. It can be further understood from the journal that construction companies have focussed their attention in the apt project management through material handling. Reference 8: Jayasudha, K., Vidivelli, D. and Surjith, E. (2014). Risk Assessment and Management in Construction Projects. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8). This journal has depicted that the construction of projects like bridge development is steeped in uncertainties. Uncertainty and challenges are common in construction work. Thus the site should be managed properly. Risk management is a unique approach that could help in analysing project risk. The journal also discussed ways of eliminating risk or reducing impact of risk and increase level of control. There are different types of risk which could impact on construction work. However, adaptation of effective measures help in eliminating risk and challenges from a project work. The researcher has also discussed advantages and disadvantages of risk management. Reference 9: Persson, U. (2009). Management of sustainability in construction works. Division of Construction Management. From the research work it can be cited that sustainability is an integral aspect of construction project and engineers should include ethical as well as sustainable measures to reduce negative impact on the natural environment. The journal has successfully discussed sustainability in construction work, corporate sustainability and knowledge transfer. Sustainability measures help in reducing environment impact and protection of natural environment is of key importance. Sustainability in construction management aim at reducing negative impact on nature and decrease emission of Co2 and green house impact. Reference 10: Delnavaz, M. (2012). Project Managers Role in Sustainable Building Process. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The discussion begins with focussing on green movement and how it has impacted on construction and building management work. The article has further determined the importance of developing green building to protect environment and adopt sustainable measures in a strategic way. In the light of this investigation the paper has also pointed out that sustainable building development is expensive and operational cost increases steeply. While the national economy could benefit from reducing emission and incorporate use of natural resources by sustainable buildings. References Alsaadi, O. and Acar, E. (2016). Using Construction Project Management Knowhow for Disaster Recovery Projects - A Synthesis of Literature. Delnavaz, M. (2012). Project Managers Role in Sustainable Building Process.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Euripides, R. (2008). Troubled Projects In Constructions Due To Inadequate Risk Management.Project Management Program. Heravi, A. (2014). Improving Construction Management: An Investigation Into The Influences Of Effective Stakeholder Involvement On Project Quality Outcomes.Improving Construction Management: An Investigation into the Influences of Effective Stakeholder Involvement on Project Quality Outcomes. Jayasudha, K., Vidivelli, D. and Surjith, E. (2014). Risk Assessment and Management in Construction Projects.International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8). Kozlovska, M., Mackova, D. and Spisakova, M. (2016). Survey of Construction Management Documentation Usage in Planning and Construction of Building Project.Procedia Engineering, 161, pp.711-715. Persson, U. (2009). Management of sustainability in construction works.Division of Construction Management. Sapuay, S. (2016). Construction Waste Potentials and Constraints.Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.714-722. Yimam, A. (2011). Project Management Maturity In The Construction Industry Of Developing Countries.Department of Civil Environmental. Ylln, M. (2012). Agile project management in the construction industry - An inquiry of the opportunities in construction projects.Real Estate and Construction Management.

“Ogres are like onions” Essay Example Essay Example

â€Å"Ogres are like onions† Essay Example Paper â€Å"Ogres are like onions† Essay Introduction The film ‘Shrek’, released in 2001, is enormously popular. It appeals to everyone – adults, teenagers and children. The film has â€Å"layers† meaning people see the film at different levels. Initial interest first arose around ‘Shrek’ because of the computer generated graphics the film used, which at the time of release were a very new and original at the time of release, which in turn attracted people to see the film, to see this ‘new’ form of medium. Another reason for this initial popularity is the cast list, which features voiceovers from some very famous, well-liked, funny actors and actresses who have good reputations amongst the public. The film also featured lots of new, modern and popular music from ‘fashionable’ music artists. However after this initial interest arose, more and more people decided to watch ‘Shrek’ especially families, and ‘Shrek’ still is a popular film. But how did the films producers achieve this overall popularity for ‘Shrek’?One reason for ‘Shrek’s’ popularity is the traditional fairytale elements it contains. The film immediately begins with an old leather bound book. An old, conventional voice reads the traditional fairytale beginning – â€Å"Once upon a time.in the tallest room at the top of the tallest tower.but none prevailed.† Being at the start, this sets the scene for what is to come. All the usual fairytale characters are featured too all collected from different stories. We see the Three Pigs, the Wolf that blew their house down, Pinocchio, Peter Pan, the Gingerbread man and many more. ‘Shrek’ also has a traditional storyline – the knight’s quest to save the beautiful princess. This feature works well because a lot of people know about fairytales, meaning that parents would be prepared to bring their children along to see the film, because the fairytale sto ryline guarantees that the film will be child friendly, leaving parents satisfied that they can bring their children to see the film therefore increasing the overall popularity of the film because children are a large type of group who visit the cinema. All this is what one would expect from a boring old fairytale.Yet not all is this way. One feature that makes ‘Shrek’ so well-liked is the clever way in which the films’ producers manager to ‘subvert’ the fairytale. It is this that makes ‘Shrek’ so funny making the film popular. Whereas all the roles for a traditional fairytale are there, the characters that play them are wrong and mixed up in some way. The rescuer of the princess isn’t the handsome prince people would expect – it’s actually a green, smelly, ugly ogre. The princess too is supposed to be a beautiful princess yet she ‘unfortunately’ turns into an ogre at night. Eventually the two ogres fall in love which the audience find amusing because it’s the most unlikely relationship. The ‘fierce’ dragon is mixed up too. On first impression the dragon is nasty and wants to eat the good characters. Yet it turns out to be a girl dragon that falls in love with the donkey. The dragon then changes and becomes friendly and helpful to Shrek. The King is another example of a subverted role. In usual fairytales the king is powerful, great and strong. He is the ruler and in charge. Yet in ‘Shrek’, Lord Farquaad is a midget. ‘Shrek’ also subverts ideas from other fairytale themes. One notable example is where Fiona sings to the blackbirds to get their eggs for breakfast which is a parody of Princess Aurora in a scene of Disney’s classic film Sleeping Beauty, where the princess is seen singing to birds and other woodland creatures. That adds a critical ‘twist’ to the film, which needs to be there to keep the interest of the a udience there, especially teenagers and adults, which the fairytale plot won’t appeal to as much as the children. This therefore keeps children entertained, yet teenagers and adults, who see the film also entertained, making ‘Shrek’ truly a family film.’Shrek’ also has lots of modern elements in which add to the humour and fun the film provides. Examples of this include the modern soundtrack the film has throughout which contrast with the traditional music seen for example in Disney films. The rock and pop music seen in ‘Shrek’ help to attract children and teenagers, whom the majority of will listen to this sort of music. Some of the props seen in ‘Shrek’ are from modern day life too, which the audience find amusing and interesting because they are items they see at home or on television, mixed into this fairytale story. An example of this is the cocktail Lord Farquaad is drinking after the knight’s tournament. It is very over the top with a cherry in much like drinks seen in modern day cocktail bars and is not the traditional ale one would expect him to be drinking which again adds to the humour of the film. Another instance of a modern day object is Lord Farquaad’s castle seen which Shrek and Donkey encounter trying to get Shrek’s swamp back. Several things in the castle are modern for instance the animated information booth found in the courtyard. Both music and dance are modern and funny and is a favourite with viewers. The castle also has a parking area called ‘Lancelot’ similar to Madame Tussaud attractions like Alton Towers which is funny and modern which appeals to viewers who might have visited Alton Towers for example. Some more examples of modern day life in Shrek are the tournament which Lord Farquaad holds where instead of a traditional jousting fight, it is like a modern day wrestling match and another example is matrix style fighting Fiona performs agai nst Robin Hood. By having lots of modern day life modifications, ‘Shrek’ gives the audience something to relate to and also adds an interesting and humourous twist to the film. This helps account for ‘Shrek’s’ enormous popularity.However it is as easy as it sounds to put modern elements into a film like ‘Shrek’. Not just any contemporary objects or themes can be put in. They need to fit in with the film and compliment the storyline. The elements also need to be suitable for the target audience, which is aimed at everyone meaning some elements would not be suitable to fit into ‘Shrek’. Examples would be adult material or things to do with war like a nuclear bomb. These would bring the age certificate up meaning a reduced audience, less revenue and perhaps the film being criticised by the press. So this is another way the film has become popular – by the film makers carefully and thoughtfully inserting the modern elemen ts and making sure modern themes that wouldn’t fit in are left out.The dialogue in ‘Shrek’ is also important for ‘Shrek’s’ popularity. The dialogue is crucial because the audience hear it all the time. A good dialogue is important because it affects the film. The dialogue greatly varies with ‘Shrek’ and changes with the mood of the story. The dialogue makes the film funny a lot of the time by Eddie Murphy who makes jokes which can make an awkward or boring situation interesting. An example of this is when Shrek and Donkey have just reached the castle where the princess is being held. The castle is dark, big and scary and is in the middle of a lake of lava. Normally this would be quite a scary scene yet Donkey cheers up the situation with his humour – implying Shrek had â€Å"cracked one off† which is both modern language and funny especially for younger children.There are lots of other examples of this modern dialogu e in ‘Shrek’ too. Near the beginning of the film when the guards approach Shrek for Donkey, the words â€Å"designated settlement facility† are used. The words would seem out of place normally but with Shrek, this modern vocabulary just seems to fit in. Old-fashioned, traditional vocabulary is also used such as that used by the princess like â€Å"yonder window† and â€Å"champion†. The dialogue in ‘Shrek’ gets the film good reviews from the press, because it’s so clever and good, bring more people in, increasing popularity.’Shrek’ has lots of ambiguity in it. Mostly this is in dialogue form such as where Shrek says â€Å"Well I have to save my ass† which is true in one way because Shrek needs to fetch Donkey from the dragon yet also true in another, because Shrek needs to get out the castle without getting caught by the dragon and hence saving his life. By using clever ambiguous dialogue like this, the film creates an interest point – did you see it as this meaning, or the other, or perhaps even both? Different groups of people may see it in different ways like children, teenagers and adults. This gives the film humour also because of the dialogue used to create the ambiguity.Psychology also plays a small part in making ‘Shrek’ a good film and therefore popular. Psychology is all about the mind, thoughts, and behaviour. Psychology can be very subtle and this adds depth to the film. An example is the language Donkey uses with Dragon. â€Å"I’m not emotionally ready for a physical relationship.unwanted physical contact† and also Shrek says so interesting things â€Å"sometimes things are more than they appear† and â€Å"I’m not your type†. This dialogue is clever because we have a cartoony, fun, fairytale style story yet we have this deep feelings coming out, which would normally be seen in older, more complex films. With this techni que, ‘Shrek’ can appeal to older viewers such as parents who have taken their children to see the film and therefore creates a larger audience making it more popular.There is another way that ‘Shrek’ appeals to an older audience through too. Shrek fits in lots of adult ‘stuff’ which is very clever because it appeals to adults and teenagers yet not being to obscene or offensive for children. This is sometimes dialogue like which tends to be humorous like when Shrek says â€Å"sure it’s big enough but look at the location†. This is a parody of estate agents and shows like ‘Location Location Location’. Children wouldn’t understand it at all, but adults would. Another example is Robin Hood’s dance. The dance is very homosexual and Robin Hood is portrayed as gay. Adults find this funny, but children are not left out because the dance itself is humorous. It is seen at different levels.In conclusion I have lear nt why and how ‘Shrek’ has become and still is a popular film. It achieves this popularity by the numerous techniques used in the film. The main reason I think there is for how popular the film is, is the humour it has. Lots of techniques create this, like the subverting of the fairytale, the dialogue and the modern day elements. Through this the film becomes very funny and attracts lots of attention. Another important reason for how well-liked ‘Shrek’ is how ‘Shrek’ can be seen at different levels. It appeals to different groups of people, and is attractive to them for different reasons. Adults enjoy the adult humour cleverly put in; children enjoy the fairytale story line, and the funny characters. All this makes ‘Shrek’ an enjoyable, humorous, family movie. That is why ‘Shrek’ is such a popular and well liked film. â€Å"Ogres are like onions† Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Part of being a high school student is making a lot of decisions about which classes to take. While your foreign language courses may not be as critical to colleges as, say, which math classes you took,they are still something colleges look at and use to determine if you'd be a good fit for their school. Also, if you play your cards right, the language you choose to study in high school could have a big impact on your future. I chose to study French and with my language skills I have been able to participate in an exchange with French high school students, get a job improving African schools, and spend a year in France teaching English. I'll go over what colleges look for in foreign language study as well as the steps you need to follow in order to choose the best language for you. Do Colleges Care Which Foreign Language You Take? Nope!College admissions officers do not view certain languages as harder or more impressive than othersbecause all foreign languages require time and dedication to learn and all provide benefits.This is great news because it means you can choose which language to study based on your interests! The only exception to this would be if you chose to study a language you already learned while growing up. Some colleges ask for your native language(s) in their applications and seeing you take classes for a language you already know won't impress them. So What Do Colleges Look for in Your Foreign Language Courses? Colleges look fordepthof foreign language study, not breadth, so they want to see that you'vestudied one language for several years. Studying one language for three or four years is much more difficult than taking introductory classes inseveral different languages, and it also shows that you have the ability to build off previous knowledge and stick with a subject. Many colleges require applicants to have completedtwo or three years of foreign language study, and most top schools highly recommend or require four years. The average high school student completes two years of foreign language study, but even if that is all that is required by the colleges you are interested in,studying a foreign language longer is always betterand will make your application stronger. Most students in the US begin their foreign language study at least by middle school, so if you took Mandarin in 8th grade and want to switch to Spanish next year, high schools usually allow that, and it won't negatively impact your college applications as long as you stick with the new language throughout high school. The best things you can do to make your foreign language study a strength on your college applications are tostick to one language, take a course in that language each year, and get good grades in those courses. Choose one foreign language and stick with it throughout high school. Image via Valencia College. How to Choose the Best Foreign Language toStudy Choosing a subject to study for four years while getting good grades requires a lot of time and dedication. Studying a foreign language is different from other subjects because people get frustrated and want to stop not because the material is too difficult (after all toddlers in other countries are learning it), but because learning another language can often feel boring, tedious, and never-ending. There will come a time (probably many, many times) while studying a foreign language when you become frustrated and want to quit. Simply knowing yet another verb tense or vocabulary word will not always be enough to keep you motivated.You'll need a bigger reason to keep wanting to learn. Here are two ways to stay motivated: 1. Choose a Language That Relates to Your Career Goals When I was in high school, I made the decision to study French because I wanted to do international development work in Africa. Since France used to rule several African countries, millions of Africans speak French, and I knew that if I could speak French too, that might help me get a job. For some career fields,knowing a certain language can make you more employable or better at your job, and reminding yourself that your language skills could help with your future job search can provide an incentive to keep learning a foreign language. Ask Yourself: What Type of Career Do I Want? This doesn't have to be a specific job; a broad career field is fine. Are you interested in business? Do you think you might want to study medicine? Below are five of the most popular foreign languages high school students study and some of the fields those languages are most used in. See if any of them match the type of job you'd like to have. Having a future career in mind can help you choose which language to study Spanish By far the most common foreign language to study in the US 405 million native speakers, mostly in Spain, North America, and South America 2nd most common language spoken in the US Because Spanish is spoken so widely in the United States, it is useful for many professions. It's particularly valuable for students planning to work in medicine or social work (so they can assist people who cannot speak English but may need immediate help), people interested in doing service work in Central or South America, and those considering customer service jobs. High school Spanish is a solid choice that many students take - you generally can't go wrong with this. French 74 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe and Western and Central Africa Official language of the United Nations, the International Olympic Committee, and NATO Because many international organizations use French, it is most valuable for students planning careers in diplomacy or international relations, as well as those who would like to work in or with Africa. Also, because Africa's economy has the potential to boom in the near future, French can be useful for business students looking to capitalize on the continent's growth. Mandarin Chinese Rapidly growing in popularity as a foreign language to study 955 million native speakers, mostly in China Spoken by 1/5 of the world's population With China continuing its huge economic growth, many US businesses have operations in the countryand are working with Chinese corporations, making Mandarin useful for students planning to study business. Unlike the other languages in this list, Chinese is not written with the Roman alphabet, so it's an interesting challenge to learn as an English speaker. German 89 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe 2nd most common language in science and technology fields 3rd most common language to publish books in Germany has one of the world's largest economies, and the country is also a leader in scientific and technological innovations. Learning German would be most valuable for those planning to study banking, science, engineering, and publishing. If you're interested in science, German may be a good language to consider studying Latin "Dead language", no cultures use it as a native language anymore The Romance languages (including French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian) descended from Latin and currently include 800 million native speakers While there are no longer any native speakers of Latin, this language is still useful for those interested in careers in linguistics or students planning to learn multiple languages. Many words in the Romance languages come from Latin roots, and once you have mastered Latin, learning the Romance languages becomes a much quicker process. Remember, these are just suggestions. It's perfectly ok to take Mandarin even if you want to be a doctor or Latin if you plan on a career in business.It's sticking with the language and getting closer to fluency that's most important. So what's the best way to make sure you keep studying the language? 2.Choose a Language That Is Interesting to You Remember when I mentioned being frustrated and bored while studying a foreign language? Having a genuine interest in the language will give you motivation to keep studying it, maybe even years after you graduate high school. How do you know which language you'll find most interesting? Ask yourself the following questions: Do Any of My Hobbies Relate to a Foreign Language? This is an important consideration. Connecting a hobby to your foreign language study can make you enjoy that hobby more and motivate you to continue learning the language. Make a list of your hobbies and see if any of them tie-in to a specific language. There are a lot of possibilities, so think creatively. Are you into fashion? Italy and France are widely seen as the world's fashion capitals. Do you enjoy reading? Perhaps you could learn a language that will allow you to read classic works of literature in their original language. Do you have a favorite type of food? Cooking traditional recipes from a country can make learning its language more interesting. Or maybe you're really into anime or Asian dramas? If your school teaches a language like Japanese or Korean, you could one day enjoy those shows without subtitles. Where Do I Want to Travel? Do you dream of eating croissants in Paris or walking along Venice's canals? Thinking about a dream vacation to a country where the language you are learning is spoken can give you an extra boost of motivation. Grab a globe or a map of the world, pick out your top travel destinations, and see if your school teaches any of the languages spoken in those places. Your travel goals can help you decide which language to study Which Languages Sound the Best to Me? This may seem like a minor consideration, but most languages sound very different from one another, and since you'll be hearing it a lot as you practice, you want to make sure you choose a language you enjoy listening to. Search for videos on YouTube or listen to foreign radio or tv stations to hear different languages and get an idea of which ones you enjoy listening to. Do I Know Anyone Who Speaks These Languages? Perhaps you have grandparents who speak Japanese or a neighbor who speaks Spanish. Communicating with friends and family members in their native tongue can help strengthen your relationship with them along with giving you lots of speaking practice. How Similar Do I Want This Language to Be to English? Some languages, such as Mandarin and Arabic, can be more difficult and time-consuming to learn in the beginning because the way they look and sound is so different from English. Ask yourself if you'd prefer to try something completely new or if you would feel more comfortable sticking to a language closer to English such as Spanish, French, or German. You can do an internet search for "beginner lessons in [your language of interest]" to find free introductory lessons for any language and get a feel for what learning it would be like. Do I Want a Lot of Opportunities to Speak This Language? Is being able to easily practice your speaking skills outside the classroom important to you? If you’d like to have a lot of other speakers nearby, choose a more popular language like Spanish where many libraries, hospitals, etc. appreciate bilingual volunteers. If not, you can be open to less commonly used languages, such as Latin. The bottom line is that the way to stay interested in a language so that you study it for multiple years and get high grades like colleges want to see is to remember the big picture. Learning a new language is more than conjugating verbs and memorizing the gender of nouns. Knowing another language can introduce you to people and parts of the world you wouldn’t have experienced otherwise. Keep that in mind when deciding on a language and choose one whichwill hold your interest outside the classroom and encourage you to push your boundaries. What's Next? Thinking about whichother classes to take in high school? Take a look at our guides to choosing which math and science classes to take and start planning your schedule. Trying to decide whether to take the ACT or the SAT? Read our guide to figure out which test you'll score higher on! Are you considering summer academic programs for middle school and high school students? Learn about the SIG, CTY, and Stanford EPGY programs to see if one of them might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Shaping the foundation of racial independence through social Assignment

Shaping the foundation of racial independence through social revolution - Assignment Example This essay discusses that for hundreds of years, blacks and other minority races were considered as little more than speaking animals to the elite aristocracy, unable to be in the ranks of polite or civilized society, not allowed to seek education, and certainly not allowed to hold important or political offices. The racial inequality in this standardized caste system is such that it hinders social evolution as a whole by accepting as custom that people of a different skin color hold less value than those of white descent. With that said, a close look will be taken into the social revolution that sparked racial equality during the War of Independence between 1808 and 1824 in Spanish America to illustrate the role of minorities and the significant power they attained by refusing to further be defined by the color of their skin. There are at least three leading arguments proposed by George Reid Andrew, John Lynch, and Marixa Lasso that expound upon how the minority races took strides i n shaping the revolutionary efforts for racial equality by abolishing the caste system as well as illustrating how the elite reacted to the activism and consequent construction of the newly defined nation-states. To begin with, George Reid Andrew’s Afro-Latin America entitled â€Å"Our New Citizens, the Blacks: The Politics of Freedom, 1810-1890,† notes that â€Å"at the same time that the slaves were using the openings created by the independence wars to pursue freedom and emancipation, free blacks and mulattoes were capitalizing on wartime conditions to strike down the colonial racial laws.† 1.† Andrew makes an important distinction in his discourse of the minority groups as he defines the separation also felt by the slaves and the free blacks and mulattoes in that even in a minority situation where camaraderie would have ensured political success, still the priorities differed. Even though they shared an ethnicity and were similarly oppressed within the caste system, still they fought the same battle separately. Luckily, this dissention didn’t hinder the social revolution because as â€Å"nineteenth-century jurist Peridigao Malheiro described slavery [was] ‘a volcano†¦a bomb ready to explode with the first spark,’ and slave rebellion was most likely, he noted, during periods when the free population was divided by internal disputes and conflict2.† In this, the minorities held power they might not even have known to exist because the caste system was ready for collapse; it was only a matter of time. Essentially, the caste system in Spanish America was one dictated from birth and based purely upon the color of one’s skin. This meant that no one could ever move above their caste (unless they were a woman and lucky enough to marry a man of lighter skin tone), and that those in the elite levels held ultimate control over society because they were granted certain inalienable assets and power. In pe rhaps the most poignant definition of the inherent impact the caste system held over those in the lower castes, Andrew cites a satirical poem from a newspaper in Rio de Janeiro â€Å"about a planter’s efforts to hire newly freed libertos to work on his plantation3.† In the poem, â€Å"the writer leaves no doubt of the damage done to these former slaves by slavery: the liberto’s crippled condition, his shortness of breath4,† and finally, his refusal to be defined by the color of his skin when being directly referred to as ‘black.’ In comparison, in an excerpt from John Lynch’s The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826 entitled â€Å"Revolution in the Rio de la Plata,† Lynch highlights that, pressed by economic expansion and cracks within the current aristocratic mores, revolutionaries made decisive militant advances and found leadership under Pedro Domingo Murillo and Jose Antonio Medina. The minorities created an official annou ncement that â€Å"now [was] the time to organize a new system of government, founded upon the interests of our country which is

Community needs analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community needs analysis - Coursework Example The needs analysis links the terminal and instrumental values with the community needs, through effective project work and collaboration with the local charity. Family security, health and exciting life are instrumental for individuals with learning disabilities. The project team and charity will collaborate to identify the number of individuals with disabilities who have poor health, exciting life and family support. These individuals will then be supported to enhance comfort, and effective information sharing. Individuals with learning disabilities must also possess significant values such as ambition, responsibility and intelligence. The number of individuals who desire to be part of the project will be identified. The identification will be done through baseline surveys that involve local authorities, religious leaders, and opinion leaders (Bekas 196). Individuals experiencing learning disabilities must be stimulated intellectually. This is through enhancing the information sharing processes within the community (Wright, Foran & Wood 139). They should also demonstrate responsibility through being punctual for learning program, and also illustrates ambition by a great desire overcoming disability challenges (Sanchez 343). The main purpose of the needs assessment is to determine the number of disabled individuals willing to participate in the project, their disability level and category, and also the resource level required for successful operation of the project. The research team will partner with the local charity to collect and analyze data on the learners with disabilities, and in the implementation of the project. 100 participants will be identified for the study, through sampling approach. The study will be conducted through the qualitative research approach. The methods of data collection to be applied are interview, questionnaire and data mining. The data collected will be used to determine the community needs. Data mining

Comparison On Higher Education Between China And America Education Essay

Comparison On Higher Education Between China And America Education Essay The paper is set out to compare the difference of higher education between China and America from educational ideology. The author points out that the main differences of higher education between China and America from educational ideology are displayed in entrance selection system, teaching method, concept of private and public university, curriculums, evaluation criteria to students, and education on students personal characteristics and morality. In conclusion, the paper holds that both China and America have to adopt different reform measures to advance the quality of respective higher education. Moreover, the integration of these two different higher educations is also very necessary, especially for the perfection and improvement of higher education of China. Keywords: Higher Education, Difference, China, America 1 Introduction China, as one of the Brick Countries, has shocked the whole world by its rapid development in recent decades. America, as NO.1 super power since the end of the Cold War, has remained its hegemony in the world in terms of many aspects, including national politics, economy, science, technology, culture, higher education, etc. Since higher education is the symbol of national strength of one country and a vital way of cultivating its talents for the future, we Chinese ought to compare our higher education system with Americas from educational ideology and then take advantage of Americas strong points and close the gap. Higher education is the important source of power of social development on the ground that it cultivates talents and provides human resources for the social development. Therefore, only through continual improvement of higher education can China finally achieve the great rejuvenation of China. 2 Comparison of Higher Education Between China and America The difference of higher education between China and America can originate from their different historic and cultural background. 2.1 Background of Higher Education 2.1.1 Historic Background The Chinese higher education of the ancient times is mainly based on Legalist and Confucian ideals. As a matter of fact, Confucius played an important role and has shaped the overall Chinese mindset for the past 2500 years. The mode of Chinese ancient higher education was The Unity of Higher Education and Politics-which reflects the combination of government and educational structure. From Han Dynasty, China carried out the rejecting the other schools of thought and respecting only Confucianism. Since ancient Chinese Empire regarded higher education as the foundation of empowering a country, Chinese held imperial examinations to select the talents regularly. In fact ¼Ã…’Imperial examination in Qing Dynasty has formed the integral and tightening system. The Burning of Opium Stocks in Humen in 1839 marked the eruption of The First Opium War and the opening of Chinese modern tines, which, however, ended with the failure of the Qing government and then made Chinese intellectuals disc over the numerous western advances in science and technology. This new information influenced the higher education system and curriculum a lot. It is widely accepted that the first modern Chinese university was established in 1895, right after the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), which shifted the dominant influence in Asia from China to Japan. Beiyang University (now Tianjin University) was established in the city of the same name in 1895, followed by Qiushi Academy (currently Zhejiang University) in 1897, and Jingshi University (now Beijing University) in 1898. By the time the Peoples Republic of China was founded, there were 227 higher institutions in China. The Chinese higher education of contemporary times has gone through enormous changes. From 1967 to 1976, Chinas Cultural Revolution took another toll on Chinese higher education, which was devastated more than any other sector of the country. The enrollment of postsecondary students can be used as example to illustrate the impacts. The number dropped from 674,400 to 47,800. The decline in educational quality was profound. In 1977, Deng Xiaoping made the decision of resuming the National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gao Kao), having profound impact on Chinese higher education in history. From the 1980s on, Chinese higher education has undergone a series of reforms that have slowly brought improvement. The historic background of American higher education, however, is quiet diverse from that of China on account of its much shorter history (only 236 years). Puritanism was a religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late sixteenth century. In the early 17th century, thousands of English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. Puritans value the higher education very much. Thus, American higher education at that time was certainly the matrix of Puritan thinking. In 1636, Harvard was founded as the first university by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. The Ivy League is an athletic conference composed of sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States ,which includes Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University. The Ivy League, ranks among the top universities in both USA and worldwide, is well known as the symbol of American higher education. American higher education has gone through a great expansion and democratization over the past several decades. In 1900, only four percent of high school graduates attended college. Nowadays, 75 percent of high school graduates will continue their educations in colleges. American higher education opened to women in 1836.Some of the men school handled a subsidiary of the Womens College, such as Barnard College of Columbia University (1889) and Radcliffe College of Harvard University (1894). The girls gradually entered Medical and Legal vocational schools. In 1969, the Supreme Court mandatorily canceled the black-and-white segregated schools. Congress allocated large sums of money to reward the schools of enrolling both the black and white, trying to change the racial discrimination in education in the past three hundred years. According to statistics, in 1976, the black youths of school age in colleges and universities accounted for about 20% and white youths accounted for about 25%. 2.1.2 Social Background and Culture Tradition There are three important factors which exert intense influence on American higher education: Individualism, pragmatism, creative humanities. American higher education system emphasizes the actual effect and encourages their university students to expose themselves to social practice, which accounts for the equal social position of white collars and blue collars in America. The American university has set the progress of economy, the research of science and improvement of life standard together as three targets of higher education. American universities only set up the curriculums and majors meeting the needs of society. Moreover, students influenced by American higher education boast full creative humanities spirit. For example, the rise of Information Technology marked by some famous corporations in silicon valley such as Microsoft, Facebook , Apple are prominent evidences of the good result of American higher education of creative humanities spirit because all of those entrepreneu rs went to American universities, receive the higher education and then establish the corporation by their extreme creativities. With all these factors contemplated, the American higher education, to some degree, has caused Americas fast development, high technology and economic level. Chinese Higher education, however, is more collectivism, formalism and Copinism compared with that of USA. American higher education seeks diversity and individuation while Chinese ones chase unity. Therefore, Chinese students intend to interpret cases according to standard answers while American ones adopt critical thinking. In China, the reputation of ones Alma Mater can cast a great influence on the social position, occupation, even marriage because the brand of university is closely bound to Chinese typical faceproblem, which easily explain the different social position of white collars and blue collars. Chinese higher education also emphasizes the reform and improvement of higher education to meet the needs of social, economic and scientific development, but it changes so little and blindly copies too much from Americas instead of forming a perfect system suitable for Chinese current condition. 2.2 Differences of Higher Education 2.2.1 Different Entrance Selection System America has no uniform examinations for enrolling students.The five major parts of admission are ACT/SAT scores, GPA, College Application, Essay, and Letters of Recommendation. Not all colleges require essays or letters of recommendation, though they are often proven to increase chances of acceptance. American students can choose their major according to their own hobbies and the plans of development; they may also continuously finish all curriculums in universities or choose to have some gap years outside the campus till they want to come back to school and precede their higher education. To be different from the entrance selection standard of China, America has more flexible and objective one. However, the competition of The Ivy League is very fierce which demands more to students and it is quite difficult to attain the degree of a good university. On the contrary, China has a uniform system of selecting students for higher institutions by National Higher Education Entrance Examination (Gao Kao),once described asà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ a powerful army single-plank bridgeà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾.However, once one step into the gate of a university, it is easy to be accessible to the degree. Being different from the individualism of American students, Chinese students tend to be more of collectivism-which means they would choose their major by the standard of common value of Chinese society in stead of their interest. Thats why some prevailing majors such as economics, finances, management require much higher score than other majors. 2.2.2 Different Teaching Method In US, teachers duty is not what they have taught the students, but to help them construct knowledge. The teaching process takes the students independent thoughts and encourages them to propose something new and different. In the teaching method, emphasizing indefinite teaching methods, teachers encourage the students to participate in the teaching process, and even encourage them to challenge the academic authority. In this kind of free and loose environment, students can be more positive on studies and initiative concretion, applying theory to the practice easily. But in China, many teachers still adopt force-feed type teaching method. They teach with sweat streaming, while the students hear drowsily. This kind of teaching method, not only has violated the original intention of teaching and studying, but leads students comprehensive quality and the lifelong study skills to sell at a discount greatly. Teachers sing the one-man show in the teaching process phenomenon, while in the Am erican university this phenomenon is extremely rare. Whether students can make great progress or not, the teaching method plays an important role. 2.2.3 Different Curriculums In the United States, liberal arts colleges are schools emphasizing undergraduate study in the liberal arts. After four years of full-time study in general, students earned either a Bachelor of Arts degree or a Bachelor of Science degree. Liberal Education is an approach to learning that empowers individuals and prepares them to deal with complexity, diversity, and change. It provides students with broad knowledge of the wider world (e.g. science, culture, and society) as well as in-depth study in a specific area of interest. A liberal education aims to make students build up social responsibility, strong and transferable intellectual practical skills. Students could also grasp communication, analytical and problem-solving skills, and a demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills in working. American Universitys courses are made up of general education courses, professional foundation courses and elective courses. General education courses take up about 35% -50% and elective courses almost 1/3 among the whole courses, which aims to strengthen general education and endeavor to cultivate the comprehensive knowledge and skills to solve practical problems. Nevertheless, Chinas higher education, due to the limitation of economic and scientific level, focuses on implementing so-called the professional educationin other words, the employment education. It aims to affect ones value as a tool. Though the structure of course is close, the content and quality are far behind. General education courses or, we say public courses, including Politics, ideological and Moral class, Military Theory and P.E in Chinese university, are compulsory to whole students with a unified standard, accounting for about 18-24 credits; the applied foundation courses are mainly in English, Computers, Advanced Mathematics, and Chinese, accounting for about 20-26 credits. It is obvious implied that the proportion of general education courses is too low, the novelty is not enough and the system is so messy. Selective courses are neglected or regarded as something unimportant in China, whereas they are necessary and essential in American universities as an approach to getting exposure with other knowledge of other fields or majors. For want of basic attainment and general knowledge, Chinese graduates tend to become workers but not creators. China is globally well known as World Factory because Chinese higher education focuses the cultivation of labor skills. If China wants to trans fer from World Factory to world Designer, there will be a long way to go for the reforms and improvement of curriculums. 2.2.4 Different Concept of Public and Private University America boasts more than 1500 public universities and the number of private ones is up to 1600. Chinese public higher institutions take up 87 ¹Ã‚ ª, whereas the private ones is as low as 13 ¹Ã‚ ª. In USA, the most prestigious schools are almost private ones such as Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, Columbia University, the University of Chicago, Duke University and Stanford University. China underestimates the position of private universities because the enrollment mark is comparatively low. However, for want of high qualified private universities, China confronts intense obstacles in the path of the strategy of strengthening the country by education on the ground that private universities possess the flexible management, sufficient funds, free academic surroundings and excellent faculties which are exactly the shortage of public universities. The income of America private universities is mainly form four channels: the tuition, the government funding, the sponsorship of alumni and the sales and service of patent. The sufficient fund and free academic surrounding make it easy for American private universities to support scientific research, establish the new subjects and attractive great masters in each field. Moreover, private universities are not only successful educational institutions but also the cores of industries. The rise of Silicon Valley depending on Stanford University and the boom of high-tech industry around Boston attributed to IMF can be illustrated as two good examples. 2.2.5 Different Evaluation Criteria to Students The standard of inspecting the students of American high institutions is the capability to analyze and solve the problems, but not the ability of mechanical memorizing, which means American students do not need to cram up before final examinations. Chinese universities, however, adhere to the principle of learning everything by rote, especially for preparation of final examination. What is far worse is that high score becomes the one and only standard of evaluating students in China. It can be predicted that this kind of one-sided evaluation criteria has written off lots of students creativities, enthusiasm and desire to do better. American students are allowed to take some pieces of cards in the fixed size recording intricate expressions and theories to attend the final examinations. The aim of examination is very clear in American universities: it is practice but not memorizing. Some expressions would even be listed on the paper because reciting of expressions is not required, which is so incredible in China. As long as students work out the questions correctly, they would attain the due score. In China, the situation turns out to be opposite. As a matter of fact, the examination emphasizing mechanical memorizing has seriously ruined the students enthusiasm of studies, leading to excessive attention to pure theory and neglect the real practice of knowledge. The score of final examination accounts for different proportion in GPA between Chinese universities and American ones .GPA stands for Grade Point Average and it is a standard method of measuring academic achievement. The way of calculating GPA in American universities is distinct from that of China. The GPA of American universities are made up of many parts and the final examination is just one of it. One wouldnt get low GPA even though he or she plays below par as long as the assignments have been finished perfectly according to the teachers requirements, because the score of final examination only occupies 35% in the calculation of GPA, however, which closes to 70% in most Chinese universities. The standard of American universities is more objective and fair as the evaluation to students. It is high time that China abandoned the old and ossified evaluation criteria to students. There is still a long way to go before rote learning and test-taking turn into innovation by far. 2.2.6 Different Education on Students Personal Characteristics and Morality In America, volunteering and community service are two important standards of measuring ones personal characteristics and morality. Though technically not a requirement, many colleges make community service an unofficial requirement for acceptance. However, some colleges prefer work experience over community service, and some require that their students also continue community service for some specific number of hours to graduate. American universities encourage students to participate in the social and through which raise their citizen consciousness. Volunteering is also an essential part while enterprises employing new staffs, so American students are very willing to be volunteers. Certain academic honor societies such as Delta Epsilon Sigma have rejected 4.0 GPA students that lacked community service experiences on their applications because they honor community service so much. In China, volunteering and community service are not as important as in America. Chinese universities have never set the time of volunteering and community as one of the requirements of getting the diploma. However, the awareness of volunteering and community has increased by leaps and bounds. For example, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo has witnessed the function of volunteers, and most of them are university students. In order to continue the volunteering sprit of 2010 Shanghai World Expo, Shanghai has set up many city volunteers service stations in the tourist attractions to provide the service for tourists, which offer a good opportunity to university students. Rare as social activities are in China, Chinese university has endeavored to improve the personal characteristics and morality by making more volunteering chances. 3 Prospective of Chinese and American Higher Education 3.1 Reform Measures for Chinese Higher Education Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage. The driving force is the need to produce an increasingly knowledgeable workforce equipped to handle the challenges of an economy that is not only growing extremely rapidly, but also becoming increasingly diversified and sophisticated. The latest reforms are outlined in a comprehensive plan formally called State Guidelines for Medium-to-Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan between 2010 and 2020, otherwise known as the Development Plan.1 A second round of national discussion of the Development Plan has just been completed, and more than 30,000 suggestions were collected, reflecting national involvement in such an important issue. This plan is enormous and comprehensive, and is based on studies of various educational models. Two aspects for higher education reform are key: a relaxation of central control, and opening up of the college admission process. The Development Plan specifically calls for the government to release central control, give universities autonomy, and allow presidents and faculty to run their schools. The Development Plan states that it will change from the one-exam-decides-all method to a thorough evaluation of a student as a whole person using multiple tests and factors. The plan is divided into four sections. Each section covers several chapters and each chapter includes numerous issues. Section One describes the plans overall strategy. Section Two lays out missions to accomplish and goals to achieve. Section Three outlines the reform of the educational infrastructure. Section Four provides measurements to ensure implementation. Six chapters are devoted to specific measures, which include the following: strengthening the quality of teaching faculty; increasing the government funding of education to 4% of GDP by 2012; completing education laws and regulations; and ensuring every step of the reform meets the laws and regulations. In order to accomplish these missions and goals, the Development Plan encourages educational institutions to design their own reform programs and policies. (Guo-hua Wang ,April 20,2010) 3.2 Reform Measures for American Higher Education In his State of the Union address, President Obama laid out a blueprint for an economy thats built to last an economy built on American manufacturing, American energy, skills for American workers, and a renewal of American values. As an important part of keeping the American promise alive, the President called for a comprehensive approach to tackling rising college costs. In todays global economy, a college education is no longer just a privilege for some, but rather a prerequisite for all. Reforming student aid to promote affordability and value: To keep tuition from spiraling too high and drive greater value, the President will propose reforms to federal campus-based air programs to shift aid away from colleges that fail to keep net tuition down, and toward those colleges and universities that do their fair share to keep tuition affordable, provide good value, and serve needy students well. These changes in federal aid to campuses will leverage $10 billion annually to keep tuition down. Creating a Race to the Top for college affordability and completion: The president will create incentives for states and colleges to keep costs under control through a $1billion investment in a new challenge to states to spur higher education reform focused on affordability and improved outcomes across state colleges and universities. A first in the World competition to model innovation and quality on college campuses: The president will invest $55 million in a new First in the World competition, to support the public and private colleges and non-profit organizations as they work to develop and test the next breakthrough strategy that will boost higher education attainment and student outcomes Better data for families choose the right college for them: The president will call for a College Scorecard for all degree-granting institutions, designed to provide the essential information about college costs, graduation rates, and potential earnings, all in an easy-to-read format that will help students and families choose a college that is well suited to their needs, priced affordably and consistent with their career and educational goals. Federal support to tackle college costs: The president has already made the biggest investments in student aid since the G.I Bill through increases to the Pell grant, and by shoring up the direct loan and income-based repayment programs. This reform will reward colleges that are succeeding in meeting the following principles: Setting responsible tuition policy, offering relatively lower net tuition prices and/or restraining tuition growth. Providing good value to students and families, offering quality education and training that prepares graduates to obtain employment and repay their loans. 3) Serving low-income students, enrolling and graduating relatively higher numbers of Pell-eligible students.( The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, January 27, 2012) 4 Integration of Chinese and American Higher Education China launched curriculum and teaching reform in the 1990s, resulting in great interest in studies of American university curriculum reforms and instructional systems. When China launched the 211 Project and 985 Project, this served as a great spur to Chinese studies of American research universities. New York and Duke University are building campuses in Shanghai, offering full-time programs to students there, and executive education courses are already a proven success, Harvards Senior Executive Program in Shanghai among them. There have been many joint venture programs with American colleges on the campuses of Chinese higher institutions; however, the trend toward larger-scale initiatives seems clear. In the mean time, America should also learn from China. America has always taken a laissez-faire approach to higher education-in many ways, with excellent results. But it may wish to consider whether new competition justifies a new approach. China may soon outpace the United States not only in the number of university graduates it produces, but also in the world-class universities it creates. From 1995 to 2000, levels of the Chinese government invested about $20-billion in select universities to improve their facilities and curricula. In the following years, 38 of those universities received additional money. For example, two top institutions, Peking University and Tsinghua University, each received $225-million from 1999 to 2003. American college leaders should prepare themselves psychologically for a world in which a key success factor will be partnerships with Asian universities. The good news is that Asian institutions welcome such new partnerships. 5. Conclusion Higher Education is the backbone of a country on the ground of sustaining its development through fostering talents. Without any shadow of doubt, both China and America lay great emphasis on higher education, by different form and method, though. China, as one of the emerging power in the Asian-Pacific region, ought to learn a lot from America, including higher education, in terms of entrance selection system, private universities, the position of higher educational function, evaluation criteria to students and the education to students personal characteristics and morality and campus culture .Both these two countries shoulder great responsibility to higher educational reform in the future to confront the fierce competition.